Workload
read-heavy
Runs closed-loop clients with 95% point reads and 5% updates against existing records selected from a scrambled Zipfian distribution.
Application operations
| API | total | avg/s | p0.1/s | p1/s | p50/s | p99/s | p99.9/s | min/s | max/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.53M | 2.8K | 59.01 | 1.87K | 2.79K | 3.68K | 3.77K | 0 | 3.85K | |
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| 132.36K | 146.72 | 0 | 90.95 | 146.98 | 205.99 | 214.2 | 0 | 218.05 | |
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| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
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Application throughput
| API | total GiB | avg MiB/s | p0.1 | p1 | p50 | p99 | p99.9 | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.99 | 1.12 | 0.02 | 0.75 | 1.12 | 1.47 | 1.51 | 0 | 1.54 | |
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| 0.05 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.09 | |
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Application latency
| API | avg ms | p0.1 | p1 | p50 | p99 | p99.9 | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22.79 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 228.1 | 768 | 0 | 3,665.92 | |
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| 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0 | 2.08 | |
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| 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | |
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Time from when a write returns until SlateDB first reports its sequence durable. | 169.26 | 36.26 | 44.51 | 129.79 | 1,076.22 | 1,890.3 | 30.34 | 2,904.06 |
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Object-store operations
| Method | total | avg/s | p0.1/s | p1/s | p50/s | p99/s | p99.9/s | min/s | max/s | $ | $/month |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 991.2K | 1.1K | 5 | 853.09 | 1.1K | 1.33K | 1.36K | 3 | 1.39K | $0.3965 | $1,139.16 | |
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| 21 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 8 | $0.000105 | $0.3017 | |
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| 7.68K | 8.51 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 10.01 | 11.01 | 0 | 11.99 | $0.0384 | $110.26 | |
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| 3.11K | 3.45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 216.97 | 307.02 | 0 | 322.99 | $0.00 | $0.00 | |
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| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | $0.000020 | $0.0575 | |
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Object-store throughput
| Method | total GiB | avg MiB/s | p0.1 | p1 | p50 | p99 | p99.9 | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.61 | 4.1 | 0.23 | 3.18 | 4.11 | 4.96 | 5.09 | 0 | 5.17 | |
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| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.15 | 0 | 2.2 | |
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| 0.09 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 12.86 | 0 | 18.11 | |
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| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.13 | |
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| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
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Process statistics
| Metric | avg | p0.1 | p1 | p50 | p99 | p99.9 | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.3 | 0.38 | 0.47 | 0.04 | 0.47 | |
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| 5.01 | 2.76 | 2.81 | 4.94 | 7.38 | 7.42 | 2.71 | 7.42 | |
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Machine statistics
| Metric | avg | p0.1 | p1 | p50 | p99 | p99.9 | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.01 | 0.22 | 0.69 | 1 | 1.34 | 1.5 | 0.16 | 1.56 | |
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| 6.72 | 4.48 | 4.53 | 6.67 | 9.1 | 9.14 | 4.44 | 9.14 | |
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| 5.11 | 2.61 | 3.98 | 5.12 | 6.18 | 6.42 | 0.21 | 6.44 | |
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| 0.94 | 0.29 | 0.69 | 0.9 | 1.21 | 14.14 | 0.12 | 19.8 | |
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| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0 | 0.45 | |
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| 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 1.85 | 0 | 2.01 | |
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| 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 116.03 | |
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| 0.46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 22.02 | |
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Benchmark configuration
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| scale | 1 |
| dataset / record count | 300,000,000 |
| dataset / key bytes | 20 B |
| dataset / value bytes | 400 B |
| dataset / value compression ratio | 1 |
| caches / block bytes | 8 GiB |
| caches / metadata bytes | 4 GiB |
| task / task | read-heavy |
| task / clients | 64 |
| task / warmup ms | 300,000 ms |
| task / measurement ms | 900,000 ms |
| task / initial state | golden |
| task / key selection | scrambled-zipfian-0.99 |
| task / operation mix / get | 0.95 |
| task / operation mix / put | 0.05 |
| task / scan limit | — |
| task / transaction hot keys | — |
| task / transaction reads | — |
| task / transaction updates | — |
| build profile | release |
| enabled features | aws, foyer, wal_disable, zstd |
SlateDB configuration
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| flush interval | 100ms |
| WAL enabled | Yes |
| manifest poll interval | 1s |
| manifest update timeout | 300s |
| min filter keys | 1,000 |
| L0 SST size bytes | 64 MiB |
| max WAL flushes before L0 flush | 4,096 |
| L0 max ssts | 32 |
| L0 max ssts per key | 32 |
| L0 flush parallelism | 4 |
| max unflushed bytes | 2 GiB |
| compactor options / poll interval | 5s |
| compactor options / manifest update timeout | 300s |
| compactor options / max concurrent compactions | 4 |
| compactor options / enable trivial move | No |
| compactor options / scheduler options / max compaction sources | 16 |
| compactor options / worker / max concurrent compactions | 4 |
| compactor options / worker / compactions poll interval | 5s |
| compactor options / worker / heartbeat interval | 10s |
| compactor options / worker / max SST size | 268,435,456 |
| compactor options / worker / max fetch tasks | 4 |
| compactor options / worker / bytes to fetch | 2,097,152 |
| compactor options / worker / max subcompactions | 8 |
| compactor options / worker / min filter keys | 1,000 |
| compactor options / worker / compression codec | — |
| compactor options / worker / metric level | — |
| compactor options / metric level | — |
| compactor options / commit compacted interval | 1s |
| compactor options / worker heartbeat timeout | 30s |
| compactor options / object store max retries | — |
| compression codec | — |
| object store cache options / root folder | — |
| object store cache options / max cache size bytes | — |
| object store cache options / part size bytes | 4 MiB |
| object store cache options / cache on flush | No |
| object store cache options / cache on compaction | No |
| object store cache options / preload disk cache on startup | — |
| object store cache options / scan interval | 3600s |
| object store cache options / max open file handles | 1,000 |
| garbage collector options / manifest options / interval | 600s |
| garbage collector options / manifest options / min age | 300s |
| garbage collector options / manifest options / dry run | No |
| garbage collector options / WAL options / interval | 600s |
| garbage collector options / WAL options / min age | 300s |
| garbage collector options / WAL options / dry run | No |
| garbage collector options / WAL fence options / interval | 600s |
| garbage collector options / WAL fence options / min age | 300s |
| garbage collector options / WAL fence options / dry run | Yes |
| garbage collector options / compacted options / interval | 600s |
| garbage collector options / compacted options / min age | 300s |
| garbage collector options / compacted options / dry run | No |
| garbage collector options / compactions options / interval | 600s |
| garbage collector options / compactions options / min age | 300s |
| garbage collector options / compactions options / dry run | No |
| garbage collector options / detach options / interval | 600s |
| garbage collector options / metric level | — |
| garbage collector options / boundary files enabled | Yes |
| garbage collector options / object store max retries | — |
| metric level | Info |
| default ttl millis | — |
| object store max retries | — |